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three-dimensional obstetric ultrasound
THE'3D and 4D obstetric ultrasound It is an evolution of traditional ultrasound which allows visualize the fetus in three dimensions, with both still and moving images. Thanks to ultrasound and sophisticated digital processing, the baby's face, profile, and movements appear on the monitor with realistic definition. This exam is safe, non-invasive, and radiation-free, like two-dimensional ultrasound, but offers a more detailed view of intrauterine life. 3D/4D ultrasound complements routine pregnancy tests and is performed at specific times, as recommended by the gynecologist.
The ultrasound three-dimensional (3D) generates high-definition volumetric images of the fetus, observable from different angles. The mode Four-dimensional (4D) adds time, allowing you to see the baby move in real timeBased on ultrasound, it does not use ionizing radiation and has no contraindications if performed according to the protocols.
This technique allows observation of the baby's profile, expressions, hand movements, thumb sucking, and yawning. Beyond the diagnostic aspect, the three-dimensional and dynamic view can strengthen the emotional bond between parents and baby before birth.
what is it for?
Why perform this type of ultrasound?
THE'3D and 4D obstetric ultrasound It has primarily a clinical purpose: in selected cases, it can aid in prenatal diagnosis, improving the definition of certain anatomical details compared to two-dimensional ultrasound alone. It can contribute, for example, to the study of superficial facial structures, the evaluation of possible lip or palate defects, and a more precise analysis of the limbs, spine, abdominal wall, or umbilical cord. In these situations, it is used as a targeted supplement to traditional examinations, always within the context of a clinical assessment defined by the gynecologist.
In addition to the diagnostic aspect, the method also has a strong experiential componentThe ability to observe the baby move, change position, open its mouth, or bring its hands to its face often has a strong emotional impact. Some women report that seeing three-dimensional images helped them perceive the baby's presence more concretely, encouraging greater attention to their lifestyle during pregnancy. In any case, the use of three-dimensional ultrasound remains part of a structured medical process, with defined objectives and appropriate timing.
when to perform the test
3D and 4D ultrasound and prenatal diagnosis
In gynecology and obstetrics, the use of3D and 4D obstetric ultrasound It is particularly useful in some contexts of diagnostic investigationVolumetric reconstruction allows for more precise identification of the position of the gestational sac in doubtful cases, for studying fetal anatomy when greater detail is required, and for better defining certain structural defects. It can improve the visualization of anomalies of the facial massif, neural tube defects along the spine, and certain abdominal wall malformations.
This technique, however, also has technical limitations. Image quality depends on the position of the fetus, the amount of amniotic fluid between the baby and the probe, and the echogenicity of the maternal tissues. A small amount of amniotic fluid in front of the face or very thick abdominal fat can make it more difficult to visualize certain structures. Therefore, choosing the right time for the exam is important to achieve optimal results.
THE'3D and 4D obstetric ultrasound It can theoretically be performed at any stage of pregnancy, but there are periods in which the images are clearer. In many cases It is recommended between the 24th and 28th week of gestation., when the fetus has reached a size where the face and body parts are clearly visible, but still has enough room to move and is surrounded by a good amount of amniotic fluid. At this stage, it is often possible to obtain particularly clear images of the baby's profile and expressions.
Three-dimensional volumes can be acquired as early as the first trimester, showing that the fetus is fully formed and active around 12 weeks, although the detail of the face and superficial structures is generally better in the second and third trimesters. The decision on the most appropriate timing is always shared with the gynecologist, based on the clinical goals and specific needs of each pregnancy.
How is 3D and 4D obstetric ultrasound performed?
From a practical point of view, the exam It is performed in a similar way to a normal obstetric ultrasoundThe patient is placed supine on the examination table, and the operator applies a gel to the abdomen to facilitate the passage of the ultrasound waves. The probe is gently slid over the skin's surface to acquire basic two-dimensional images, which are then processed by the ultrasound software to obtain three- or four-dimensional reconstructions.
The duration of the exam can vary depending on the fetal position and the desired image quality. In some cases, a few extra minutes are needed to allow the baby to assume a favorable position, for example, with his or her face turned toward the probe and no significant obstacles in front of him or her. The room is generally kept dimly lit to facilitate viewing of the monitor by both parents and the operator, and the final result is included in the overall ultrasound report.
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