how it works and what it is for
2D gynecological ultrasound examination
THE'2D gynecological ultrasound It is an imaging test that uses ultrasound to visualize the female pelvic organs, without radiation or invasive procedures. It is suitable for non-pregnant women and complements the gynecological examination, especially in the presence of symptoms, preventive checks, or suspected genital tract diseases. This test allows for observe the uterus, ovaries, bladder and surrounding structures, providing useful images for diagnosis and monitoring.
Considered a basic exam, the2D gynecological ultrasound It is essential for detecting and identifying fibroids, polyps, malformations, endometrial thickening, ovarian cysts, abnormal masses and fluid collections in the pelvic cavity that are not evident during the examination alone. It is one economic instrument, repeatable and free from significant contraindications, useful both for periodic checks and in the presence of symptoms such as pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities or abnormal bleeding.
THE'2D gynecological ultrasound It is also useful for checking the position of an intrauterine device (IUD) or monitoring previously diagnosed conditions, such as endometriosis or sactosalpinges. In cases of infertility, pelvic pain, amenorrhea, or irregular bleeding, it provides crucial information for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Immediate image viewing also allows the results to be discussed with the patient during the session.
How does the ultrasound exam work?
THE'2D gynecological ultrasound exploits the ultrasound, that is, high-frequency sound waves that are emitted and received by a probe connected to the ultrasound machine. The waves bounce off internal tissues and are processed into two-dimensional grayscale images. The test is painless, does not use ionizing radiation, and can be repeated as often as the doctor deems necessary, without any risks associated with exposure.
In the clinical setting, pelvic ultrasound is often integrated with the assessment performed during a gynecological examination, thus obtaining a comprehensive picture that combines objective data and ultrasound findings. Depending on the patient's situation, the gynecologist may recommend periodic check-ups at predetermined intervals or further investigations if findings require monitoring or specialist assessment.
THE'2D gynecological ultrasound It is scheduled based on the doctor's recommendation, who determines the most appropriate time based on the menstrual cycle and clinical condition. It generally does not require complex preparation: for the transabdominal approach, a moderately full bladder is sufficient, while for the transvaginal exam, an empty bladder may be required. Once the exam is complete, the gynecologist interprets the images along with the medical history and physical examination, integrating the results into the treatment or monitoring plan.
In this context, 2D gynecological ultrasound is configured as baseline survey In the evaluation of the female genital tract, it is useful both in the diagnosis and follow-up of many conditions. The combination of rapid performance, absence of radiation, and good accuracy makes the test suitable for both routine use and in response to specific symptoms reported by the patient, as part of a structured gynecological prevention and follow-up program.
techniques: transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound
The test can be performed in two main ways:
transabdominal approach And
transvaginal approachThe choice depends on the patient's age, clinical history, and anatomical characteristics, as well as the diagnostic question.
transabdominal ultrasound
In the'transabdominal ultrasound
The probe is placed on the lower abdominal wall after applying a transparent gel that facilitates ultrasound transmission. To obtain good-quality images, the bladder must be full, so that it functions as an "acoustic window" and improves visualization of the pelvic organs. For this reason, it is often recommended to drink liquids in the hours preceding the exam and to avoid urinating immediately beforehand. This method is particularly suitable for
virgin patients
or when a global overview of the abdominal-pelvic area is desired, for example in the initial stages of a diagnostic or prevention process.
transvaginal ultrasound
THE'transvaginal ultrasound It involves the delicate introduction of a thin probe into the vagina, covered with a special disposable sheath. This technique allows the probe to be brought very close to the uterus and ovaries, offering a higher definition of internal structures. The reported discomfort is generally similar to that of a gynecological examination, and the exam is short.
The greater diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound makes it particularly useful for the study of small fibroids, small ovarian cysts, endometrial thickening, and early lesions that may not be visible with other techniques. In many cases, it is the method of choice for investigating symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, localized pelvic pain, or suspected endometriosis.
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